Siman 354

A pit in the public domain situated adjacent to a private domain, and the pit is ten deep and four wide—it is permitted to move objects from within it to the private domain, for he is moving from a private domain to a private domain. And in this there is no novelty at all; rather, even if the pit is not literally next to the private domain, if it is not four tefachim distant—it is permitted to move from it to the private domain, and it is permitted to fill water from it to bring inside, even though the public domain intervenes between them. However, since the place is not four wide, and it is between the pit and the public domain, it is not convenient for the public to use it there, and since it is less than four—it is a makom pator. But when there is a space of four between them, that place is a public domain, and it is forbidden ab initio to move from a private domain to a private domain via the public domain. And only for the sake of the dignity of sacred writings did we permit in siman 352 in such a case, (see Bach and Taz) but not regarding other matters, because there is a concern that perhaps it will fall in the public domain and he will come to carry it (ibid.).

And there is no permission in such cases, unless one makes a rim around the pit so that the rim is ten high, and the bucket will travel from a reshut hayachid to a reshut hayachid through a makom patur, for above ten is a makom patur. And some say that this is specifically when the pit stands opposite the reshut hayachid, on the side of the second street. But if they travel in one level, there is a Torah prohibition here of moshit from a reshut hayachid to a reshut hayachid through a reshut harabim, even above ten, as was written in siman 346, section 3; see there. (Magen Avraham, subsection 3) And this is not according to the approach we explained there, that moshit is specifically to one's fellow; see there. And according to this, when one brings the water to the reshut hayachid, one must bring it through a window that is ten high.

And know, that this requirement of ours that the embankment itself be ten high, this is so that the carrying of the bucket will be by way of above ten as has been written. But regarding the matter of the pit being a reshut hayachid, even if the pit itself is not ten deep except through the combination of the embankment - the pit inside is a reshut hayachid. And so they said in the Gemara (Shabbat 99a): "A pit and its embankment combine to ten." And even though from outside the pit the law of the embankment is like a karmelit when it is not ten high, nevertheless, inside the pit it is a reshut hayachid, and one who fills from it to a reshut harabim is liable, even though he holds the bucket's handle in his hand, for the water - he has uprooted it from a reshut hayachid and placed it in a reshut harabim.

A garbage heap in the public domain ten high and four wide, if it belongs to the public—it is permitted to throw to it from the private domain that is truly adjacent to it, even within ten and even if it is slightly distant, if there are not four tefachim there as has been written regarding a pit. And if it is distant four—one must throw through a window that is above ten, and we do not fear that perhaps it will roll from the garbage heap to the public domain and he will come to carry it, for it is not the way to throw to a garbage heap except for loathsome things and things for which there is no need at all, like broken vessels and the like. But if the garbage heap belongs to an individual—it is forbidden to throw there, because an individual's garbage heap is prone to be cleared away, and out of habit they will come to throw and pour even after the garbage heap is removed, and it will turn out that they are carrying from the private domain to the public domain. And it appears, that nowadays when the government is meticulous that there should not be a garbage heap in the public domain and they compel its removal—it is obvious that even with one belonging to the public it is forbidden.